Bibliography on Transitional Justice in Eastern Europe

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Blankenburg, Erhard. 1995. "The Purge of Lawyers after the Breakdown of the East German Communist Regime," Law & Social Inquiry, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 223-244.

Borneman, John. 1997. Settling Accounts. Violence, Justice, and Accountability in Postsocialist Europe. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

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Cepl, Vojtech. 1997. "The Transformation of Hearts and Minds in Eastern Europe," Cato Journal vol. 17, no. 2 (Fall), pp. 229-234.

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David. Roman. “From Dictatorship to Democracy: The Need for a Value-Based Sociopolitical Inquiry in Transitional Justice.” Abstract at http://wwwserver.law.wits.ac.za/david/abstracts.htm

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Ellis, Mark S. 1996. “Purging the Past: The Current State of Lustration Laws in the Former Communist Bloc.” Law and Contemporary Problems vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 181-96.

Elster, J. 1998. "Coming to terms with the past", European Journal of Sociology vol. 39, pp. 7-48.

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Gibney, Mark. 1994. "Decommunization: Human Rights Lessons from the Past and Present, and Prospects for the Future," Denver Journal of International Law & Policy vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 87-133.

Gillis, Mark. 1999. "Lustration and Decommunisation," in The rule of law in Central Europe: the reconstruction of legality, constitutionalism and civil society in the post-communist countries ed. by Jiri Priban and James Young. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 56 -81.

Glaeßner, Gert-Joachim. 1994. Demokratie nach dem Ende des Kommunismus: Regimewechsel, Transition und Demokratisierung im Postkommunismus. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.

Gonzales Enriquez, Carmen. "Decommunization and Political Justice in Central and Eastern Europe," in The Politics of Memory and Democratization, ed. by Alexandra Barahona de Brito, Carmen Gonzales Enriquez, Paloma Aguilar (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).

Gruszczak, Artur. Definition, Establishment and Enforcement of New Rules of the Political Game in the Process of Democratic Consolidation in East-Central Europe, http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/94-96/gruszcza/05.htm.

Horne Cynthia M. and Margaret Levi. 2003. “Does Lustration Promote Trustworthy Governance? An Exploration of the Experience of Central and Eastern Europe.” Prepared for Trust and Honesty Project, Budapest Collegium (January). www.colbud.hu/honesty-trust/horne/LeviHorne.doc

Huellen, Rudolf. 1995. “Aufarbeitung, Mythenbildung, "kurzer Lehrgang" - oder was? Entwicklungslinien der "Geschichtsarbeit" unter Postkommunisten.” Jahrbuch Extremismus und Demokratie vol. 7, pp. 27-41.

Huyse, Luc. 1995. "Justice after Transition: On the Choices Successor Elites Make in Dealing with the Past," Law and Social Inquiry, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 51-78.

Koro, Senyi Andras. 1991. "Revival of the Past or New Beginning? The Nature of Post-Communist Politics," Political Quarterly, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 52.

Kritz, Neil (ed.). Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1995. 3 vols.

Kuepper, Herbert. 1996. “Die Wiedergutmachung nationalsozialistischen Unrechts in den Staaten Osteuropas.” Osteuropa vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 758-768.

Kuglarz, Pawel. 1993. “Osteuropa - Bewaeltigung der Vergangenheit.” Die politische Meinung vol. 38, no. 286, pp. 41-45.

Linz, Juan J., and Stepan, Alfred. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-communist Europe. Baltimore: John Hopkins Univ. Press.

Los, Maria. 1995. “Lustration and Truth Claims: Unfinished Revolutions in Central Europe.” Law and Social Inquiry vol. 20, no. 1 (Winter), pp. 117-161.

Lukacs, Csaba. 2002. "The proprietors of the former secrets meet for the first time after the change of regime. The databases of terror," Magyar Nemzet (16 March 2002), http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng_int_coo_multi_budapest_press2.html.

McAdams, A. J., ed. 1997. Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

Moran, John P. 1994. “The Communist Torturers of Eastern-Europe - Prosecute and Punish or Forgive and Forget.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 95-109.

Nalepa, M. 2000. "Why are Communists penalized? Models of ‘coming to terms with the past´", unpublished manuscript, Department of Political Science, Columbia University.

Nina, Daniel. 1994. Learning from Experiences of the "Past": Reflections on Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in Latin America and the Situation in Eastern Europe. Cape Town: Institute of Criminology, University of Cape Town, Occasional Paper 4-94.

Offe, Claus. 1995. Der Tunnel am Ende des Lichts.Erkundungen der politischen Transformation im Neuen Osten. Frankfurt/M.: Campus Verlag.

Olson, Laura. 2002. "Mechanisms complementing prosecution," IRRC (March) vol. 84, no. 845, http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/3e02cd6224ce0af6012568b20048a62f/079dfcdd503ae503c1256ba700329b49/$FILE/173-190_Olson.pdf.

Plassner, Fritz, ed. 1996. Political Culture in East Central Europe. Aldershot: Avebury.

Plassner, Fritz, Ulram, Peter A., and Waldrauch, Harald. 1997. Politischer Kulturwandel in Ost-Mitteleuropa: Theorie und Empirie Demokratischer Konsolidierung. Opladen: Leske + Budrich.

Pogonyi, Lajos. 2002. "It is difficult to admit the past. International conference in the Historical Institute," Nepszabadsag - Magyar Tukor [Hungarian Mirror] (28 March), http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng_int_coo_multi_budapest_press1.html.

Ratner, Steven. "Judging the Past: State Practice and the Law of Accountability," review of Kritz, Neil (ed.). Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes. European Journal of International Law, http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol9/No2/br2.html.

Rose, Richard. 1997. “Public Opinion in New Democracies: Where are Postcommunist Countries Going?” Journal of Democracy vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 92-108.

Rosenberg, Tina. 1995a. “Overcoming the Legacies of Dictatorship.” Foreign Affairs vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 134-53.

Rosenberg, Tina. 1995b. The Haunted Land. Facing Europe's Ghosts after Communism. Random House.

Rosenberg, Tina. “Democratic Politics and Policy Workshop.” http://www.newschool.edu/centers/ecep/tina.htm.

Rupnik, Jacques. 1992. “Europe centrale: le desenchantement?” Politique internationale, vol. 55, pp. 23-32.

Schwartz, Herman. 1994. “Lustration in Eastern Europe.” Parker School Journal of East European Law vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 141-71.

Segert, Dieter, ed. 1994. Konfliktregulierung durch Parteien und politische Stabilitaet in Ostmitteleuropa. Frankfurt/M.: Lang.

Siegelmann, Peter. ed. 1995: Special Issue: Law and Lustration: Righting the Wrongs of the Past. (Law and Social Inquiry vol. 20, No. 1).

Skapska, Grazyna. "Facing the past human rights violations," www.iusetlex.pl/doc/konferencja/skp.doc

Stinchcombe, Arthur. 1995. "Lustration as a Problem of the Social Basis of Constitutionalism," Law & Social Inquiry, vol. 20, no. 1 (Winter), pp. 245-276.

Tarifa, Fatos and Jay Weinstein, 1996. "Overcoming the Past: De-Communization and Reconstruction of Post-Communist Societies," Studies in Comparative International Development vol. 30, no. 4 (Winter), pp. 63-78.

Vinton, Louisa. 1993. “The Katyn documents: Politics and History.” RFE/RL Research Report vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 19-31.

Voiculescu, Aurora, 2000. Human rights and political justice in post-communist Eastern Europe: Prosecuting history. Lewiston, N.Y: Edwin Mellen Press.

Welsh, Helga A. 1996. “Dealing with the communist past. Central and East European experiences after 1990.” Europe-Asia Studies vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 413-28.

Williams, Kieran, Aleks Szczerbiak and Brigid Fowler. 2003. “Explaining Lustration in Eastern Europe: A Postcommunist Politics Approach.” SEI Working Paper nr. 62 (March), www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/SEI/pdfs/wp62.pdf

Wolff, Poweska Anna. 1991. “Die Zukunft Osteuropas.Herausforderungen, Probleme, Strategien.” Europa-Archiv vol. 46, no. 19, pp. 567-572.

Zanga, Louis. 1994. “Albania's socialist party: a weak giant.” RFE/RL Research Report vol. 3, no. 15, pp. 10-12.

Albania

“Albanian Lustration Committee Uncovers Agents.” RFE/RL Newsline 2, 18 (28 January 1998), http://www.hri.org/news/balkans/rferl/1998/98-01-28.rferl.html

“Albanian Parliament Softens Lustration Law.” RFE/RL Newsline 2, 10 (16 January 1998), http://www.hri.org/news/balkans/rferl/1998/98-01-16.rferl.html.

"Article 19 Expresses Concern Over Lustration Law," OMRI Daily Digest II (7 December 1995), http://www.hri.org/news/balkans/omri/95-12-07.omri.html.

Kati, Kozara. 1998. "Report on Freedom of Information in Albania," In the Public Interest: Security Services in a Constitutional Democracy (Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights), http://www.gwu.edu/~hurights/chapter4/secrets/foia_alb.html.

Bulgaria

"Alert Series. Bulgaria: Movements Toward Democratization (INS Resource Information Center, March 1993), http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/ins/bulgar93.pdf (section on lustration).

"Andreev and Petkanov Concluded a Truth," (16 August 2001), http://standartnews.mtel.net/archive/2001/08/16/english/bulgaria/ (used cached).

Benbassat, Albert. 1992. “Die Umwertung aller Werte in Bulgarien: Schein oder Wirklichkeit?” Suedosteuropa vol. 41, no. 6, pp.  413-421.

Bertschi, Charles C. 1995. “Lustration and the Transition to Democracy. The Cases of Poland and Bulgaria.” East European Quarterly vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 435-51.

Buechsenschuetz, Ulrich. 2002. "Bulgaria's New Law on Classified Information - Flawless or Full of Loopholes?," RFE/RL Newsline (30 April), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/04/5-NOT/not-300402.asp.

"Bulgaria finds spies in high places, " BBC News (27 June 2001), http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1410721.stm.

“Bulgaria: Lustration Lives.” Transition on Line (December 1998), http://archive.tol.cz/transitions/dec98/itowbulg.html

"Bulgaria Opens Communist-Era Files, CNN (28 February 2001), http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/briefs/02/28/europe/.

"Bulgaria Proposes Pool of Communist-Era Files," RFE/RL Newsline (29 June 2001), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/06/290601.asp.

"Bulgaria mulls opening communist files," CNN (12 December 2000), http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/briefs/12/12/europe/.

"Bulgarian Parliamentary Commission to Continue Verification of Possible Informers," RFE/RL Newsline (23 May 2001), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/05/4-SEE/see-230501.html.

"Bulgarian Post-Communist Premiers Worked for Secret Police," RFE/RL Newsline (6 June 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/06/060601.asp.

"Bulgarian Spies Run for Parliament, " BBC News (2 June 2001), http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1365300.stm.

"Decommunization in Bulgaria: Gateway to Democracy or Witchhunt?," Fortress Europe - Circular Letter (September 1992), http://www.fecl.org/circular/0804.htm.

"Dispute Erupts Over Bulgarian Secret Service Archive," RFE/RL Newsline (22 January 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/01/4-See/see-220103.asp.

Geshakova, Julia. 2002. "Bulgaria: Parliament suspends public access to communist-era files," RFE/RL (24 April), http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2002/04/24042002090649.asp.

"Human Rights and Democratization in Bulgaria," (Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1993), http://www.csce.gov/pdf/1993HRinBulgaria.pdf (section on decommunization).

International Round Table Discussion "PACE Resolution 1096 And the Problems of Its Enforcement in Some Countries of the Former Socialist Camp," transcript, Sofia, Bulgaria, 27-28 April 2002, http://www.infotel.bg/juen/aktualno/mkm-eng.htm.

Krastev, I. 1994. “Blick zurueck im Zorn.Die "Lustrationsdebatte" in der Tschechoslowakei und Bulgarien.” Die neue Gesellschaft/Frankfurter Hefte vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 49-56.

“Law on Lustration in Parliamentary Procedure of Bulgaria.” AIM Sofia (9 September 1997), http://www.aimpress.org/dyn/trae/archive/data/199709/70917-021-trae-sof.htm.

Metodiev, Vesselin. 1997. " Who will Oppose to the Lustration Legislation Will Go Back to the Past." Capital (29 September), p. 13.

Milev, Momchil and Yovo Nikolov. 1998. "NATO and Secret Services Coordination Have Been Caused a Quarrel Between the Politics." Capital (2 March), p. 11.

Mitanova, Positza. 1997. "The Lustration Has Been Included in Law: 500 Positions from the Public Administration Will be Checked for the Nomenclature Past." Democracy (9 December):, pp. 1, 2.

Mitanova, Positza. 1997. "Lustration Has Been Included in the Administration Law." Democracy (6 November), p. 3.

"Parliament Is to Close Down Commission on State Security Records," RFE/RL Newsline (18 April 2002), http://www.rferl.org/mm/2002/04/16-190402.html.

Naegele, Jolyon. 1997. "President Says Bulgarians Want A European Civilization," RFE/RL (28 February), http://www.rferl.org/nca/news/1997/02/N.RU.970228163432.html.

“RESOLUTION 1096 (1996) on measures to dismantle the heritage of former communist totalitarian systems.” http://www.infotel.bg/juen/aktualno/resolution-eng.htm

Yonko, Grozev. 1998. "Report on Freedom of Information in Bulgaria," In the Public Interest: Security Services in a Constitutional Democracy (Helsinki Foundation for Human rights), http://www.gwu.edu/~hurights/chapter4/secrets/foia_bulg.html.

Czech Republic

Boed, Roman. 1998. “An Evaluation of the Legality and Efficacy of Lustration as a Tool of Transitional Justice.” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 357-402.

Bohata, Petr. 1991. “Vergangenheitsbewaeltigung in der Tschechoslowakei.” Jahrbuch fuer Ostrecht vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 325-44.

Bollag, Burton. 1994. "Screening of Former Communists May End at Czech Universities," Chronicle of Higher Education (4 May), p. A47.

Brach, Radko. 1991. Die Tschechoslowakei und Deutschland. Köln: Bundesinstituts fuer ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien.

Bren, Paulina. 1993. “Lustration in the Czech and Slovak Republics.” RFE/RL Research Reports vol. 2, no. 29, pp. 16-22.

Cepl, Vojtech. 1994. "Ritual Sacrifices: Lustration in the CSFR," East European Constitutional Review vol. 1 (Spring), pp. 24-26.

Constitutional Court. 1992. Judgement, http://www.concourt.cz/angl_verze/doc/p-1-92.html.

"Council of Europe Criticizes Screening Law and Anti-Communist Act," Carolina (10 February 1995), http://www.cuni.cz/carolina/archive-en/Carolina-E-No-147.txt.

"Czech cabinet divided over abolition of screening law," RFE/RL Newsline (20 May 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/05/3-cee/cee-200503.asp.

"Czech-Communism-Accuse," Radio Prague (4 December 1998), http://archiv.radio.cz/news/EN/1998/04.12.html.

"Czech daily says communist party is leftist Haider ," RFE/RL Newsline (21 June 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/06/210602.asp.

"Czech Screening Law to Be Extended," RFE/RL (7 September 1995), http://www.naukanet.org/friends/news/omri/1995/09/950907I.html(opt,mozilla,unix,english,,new).

Danes, Martin, Petr Vesely and Siegfried Lammich. 1994. “Strafrechtliche Vergangenheitsbewaeltigung in der Tschechischen Republik.” Osteuropa (Stuttgart).44 (Januar 1994) 1.S.A28-A37 vol. 44, no. 1, pp. A28-A37.

David, Roman. 2003. “Lustration Laws in Action: The Motives and the Evaluation of the Lustration Policy in the Czech Republic and Poland.” Law and Social Inquiry vol. 28, no. 2 (Spring), pp. 387-?. Abstract at http://wwwserver.law.wits.ac.za/david/abstracts.htm.

David, Roman. “Measuring Transitional Injustice: The Lustration and The Right to Expression.” Abstract at http://wwwserver.law.wits.ac.za/david/abstracts.htm.

David, Roman & Susanne Y.P. Choi. “Money, Truth and Forgiveness:
The Reparation of the Victims of Communism in the Czech Republic”, abstract at http://wwwserver.law.wits.ac.za/david/abstracts.htm

Deutscher, Bundestag. 1996. Aktuelle Stunde betreffend Ursachen der aktuellen Schwierigkeiten im deutsch-tschechischen Verhaeltnis. Bonn: Deutscher Bundestag, Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages : Stenographischer Bericht. Bonn.13 (31. January 1996) 82. S. 7188-7205.

Devaty, Stanislav. 1991. "The Files Weren't Destroyed," Uncaptive Minds, vol. 4, no. 1.

Dielentheis, Jutta. 1995. Voelkerrechtliche und innerstaatliche Aspekte der deutsch-tschechischen Vermoegensfrage. Bonn: Wissenschaftlicher Dienst des Deutschen Bundestages.

Eibicht, Rolf Josef. 1992. Die Tschechoslowakei: Das Ende einer Fehlkonstruktion. Die sudetendeutsche Frage bleibt offen. Berg: VGB-Verlagsges.

Feldman, Lily Gardner. 1999. “Germany's Reconciliation with France, Israel, Poland and the Czech Republic.” Die Friedens-Warte vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 477-90.

"Former Czech National Property Fund Sentenced," RFE/RL Newsline (30 May 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/06/210602.asp.

Franklyn, David. 1991. "Bounced Czechs," The New Republic (10 June), pp. 13-15.

Hilf, Rudolf. 1995. Deutsche und Tschechen.Symbiose, Katastrophe, neue Wege. Opladen: Leske und Budrich.

Jicinsky, Zdenek. 1994. Zu einigen Problemen der Vergangenheitsbewaeltigung in der CSFR und der CRseit dem 17. November 1989. Köln: Bundesinstituts fuer ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien.

Krastev, I. 1994. “Blick zurueck im Zorn.Die "Lustrationsdebatte" in der Tschechoslowakei und Bulgarien.” Die neue Gesellschaft/Frankfurter Hefte vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 49-56.

Laber, Jeri. 1992. "Witch Hunt in Prague," New York Review of Books (11 June), comments posted at http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2883 and http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2911.

Lazarova, Daniela. “Czech court upholds screening law” (6 December 2001), http://www.radio.cz/en/article/11128

"'Lustration' Seeks Czech Police Informant," Morning Edition (12 June 1992).

Naegele, Jolyon. 2002. "Czech Republic: Bill will open communist secret police files to general public," RFE/RL (13 February), http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2002/02/13022002085655.asp.

Pehe, Jiri. 1998. “Reshaping Dissident Ideals for the Post-Communist World.” Journal vol. 2, no. 2 (March-April), http://www.civnet.org/journal/issue6/ftjpehe.htm

Pitkin, James. 2001. “Ruml Case Revives Lustration Disputes. Influence of former communists ruffles political feathers.” The Prague Post (13 June), http://www.praguepost.cz/news061301f.html

Priban, Jiri and James Young, eds. 1999. The Rule of Law in Central Europe: The Reconstruction of Legality, Constitutionalism, and Civil Society in the Post-Communist Countries. Brookfield: Ashgate (see chapter by Mark Gillis on lustration in the Czech Republic).

Oschlies, Wolf. 1996a. Tschechen, Polen, Deutsche 1990-1996. (I)Die Lage und die Stimmung. Köln: Bundesinstituts fuer ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien.

Oschlies, Wolf. 1996b. Tschechen, Polen, Deutsche 1990-1996. (II)Stereotype und Realitaeten. Köln: Bundesinstituts fuer ostwissenschaftliche undinternationale Studien.

Otahal, Milan. 1993. “Vergangenheitsbewältigung und Reinterpretation der Tschechischen Geschichte.” Bohemia.Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der böhmischen Länder vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 333-41.

Reinprecht, Christoph. 1996. Nostalgie und Amnesie. Bewertung von Vergangenheit in der Teschechischen Republik und in Ungarn. Wien: Verl. für Gesellschaftskritik.

Rupnik, Jacques. 2002. "The Politics of Coming to Terms with the Communist Past. The Czech Case in Central European Perspective," Transit no. 22, http://www.iwm.at/t-22txt4.htm.

"Senior Czech police officer dismissed following security check," RFE/RL Newsline (22 April 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/04/220402.asp.

Siklov , Jirina. 1999. "Lustration or the Czech Way of Screening", in The Rule of Law after Communism: Problems and Prospects in East-Central Europe. ed. by Martin Krygier und Adam Czarnota. Aldershot: Ashgate/Dartmouth, pp. 248 -258.

Simmons, Michael, 1993. "Honecker and the Lustration Process," The World Today vol. 49, no. 3 (March), pp. 44.

Stewart, Debra and Cynthia Stewart, 1995. "Lustration in Poland and the Former Czechoslovakia: A Study in Decommunization," International Journal of Public Administration vol. 18, no. 6 (June), pp. 879-915.

“The Czech Republic: Human Rights Developments.” http://www.hrw.org/reports/1996/WR96/Helsinki-07.htm

"The lower house of the Czech parliament is about to debate abolishing the screening law," Radio Prague E News (11 January 1999), http://archiv.radio.cz/news/EN/1999/11.01.html.

Vondracek, Pavel. 1994. “Die "Sudetendeutsche Frage" - Dreh- und Angelpunkt des tschechisch-deutschen Verhaeltnisses?” Osteuropa vol. 44, no. 9, pp. A490-A505

Webb, Ben. "Kavan's name finally cleared," PeaceNews 2385, http://www.peacenews.info/issues/2385/pn238505.htm.

Weigel, George. 1992. "Their Lustration - And Ours," Commentary vol. 94, no. 4 (October), pp. 34-?.

Williams, Kieran. 1999. “A Scorecard for Czech Lustration.” Central Europe Review vol. 1, no. 19 (1 November), http://www.ce-review.org/99/19/williams19.html

Wilke, Christiane, 2002. "Politics of Transitional Justice: German, Hungarian, and Czech Decisions on ex post facto Punishment", paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association meeting, August 29, 2002, Boston.

Wolchik, Sharon L. 1993. “The repluralization of politics in Czechoslovakia.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 412-431.

Zimmermann, Hans Dieter. 1994. “Unterlassene Trauerarbeit.Zur Zurueckweisung der Dissidenten in Warschau, Prag und Berlin.” Die neue Gesellschaft/Frankfurter Hefte vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 33-43.

East Germany

Andrews. Edmund L. 2001. "East German Files On Berlin Leaders Cast Shadows Still," New York Times (August 25), p. A1.

Cohen, Roger. 2001. "A Cold War Spy Agency File Is a Pandora's Box for Kohl," New York Times (January 11), p. A8.

Cohen, Roger. 2001. "World Briefing Europe: Germany: Chancellor's Secret Cousin," New York Times (May 23), p. A10.

Erlanger, Steven. 2001. "Germans Piece Together Nation's Stasi-Riven Past," New York Times (31 October), p. A4.

Homola, Victor. 2001. "World Briefing Europe: Germany: Secret Police Files," New York Times (August 4), p. A8.

Kommers, Donald P. 1997. "Transitional Justice in Eastern Germany," Law and Social Inquiry vol. 22, no. 3 (Summer), pp. 829-849.

Kundnani, Hans. 2002. "Only the Stasi know," Times Literary Supplement (March 29).

"Profile: Former German Chancellor, Helmut Kohl, Objects to Release of Stasi Files Compiled While He Was in Office," Weekend Edition. Sunday
Washington, D.C. (January 7, 2001).

Taranto, James. 2002. "The New Red Scare," Wall Street Journal (August 14), p. A12.

Theil, Stefan. 2001. "Old Stasi Never Die; East Germany may be history, but its secret police are very present," Newsweek (10 December).

"Vote to Reopen Secret German Files," New York Times (6 July 2002), p. A5.

Tätigkeitsbericht der Bundesbeauftragten für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, volumes 1-6  (Berlin: Bundesbeauftragter, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003).

Wilke, Christiane, 2002. "Politics of Transitional Justice: German, Hungarian, and Czech Decisions on ex post facto Punishment", paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association meeting, August 29, 2002, Boston.

"World Briefing Europe: Germany: Kohl's Stasi File Stays Sealed," New York Times (5 July 2001), p. A8.

Hungary

Bock, Petra and Wolfrum, Edgar, eds. 1999. Umkämpfte Vergangenheit: Geschichtsbilder, Erinnerung und Vergangenheitspolitik im internationalen Vergleich. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Rupprecht.

Frigyesy Ágnes. "Szembenézés a múlttal – és önmagunkka," Reformatusok Lapja (27 January 2002), http://www.geocities.com/reflap/januar27.html.

Halmai, Gabor. "Spies and Files:  The Problem of Lustration in Hungary," in HCLU on data protection and freedom of information. (the book contains a copy of the lustration law, available at hclu@mail.c3.hu).

Halmai, Gabor. and Scheppele, K. 1997. "Living well is the best revenge: The Hungarian approach to judging the past", in Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies, ed. by J. A. McAdams (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1997), pp.155-84.

Halmai, Gabor. "Spies and Files : The Problem of Lustration in Hungary," H.C.L.U., 1997, pp. 56-59.

"Hungarian Parliament Amends Screening Law," RFE/RL (8 July 1996), http://www.friends-partners.org/friends/news/omri/1996/07/960708II.html(opt,mozilla,unix,english,,new).

"Hungary." http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng_int_coo_bi_hungary.html.

"Hungary," East European Constitutional Review vol. 11, no. 3 (Summer 2002), http://www.law.nyu.edu/eecr/vol11num3/constitutionwatch/hungary.html.

Jozsa, Gyula. 1996. Regierungswechsel in Ungarn 1994.Konkursverwaltung nach dem Realsozialismus und Wahlsieg der Sozialisten. Köln: Bundesinstituts fuer ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien.

"Judicial Independence in Hungary," http://www.eumap.org/reports/content/20/348/html/200/#Extensionof (section on Extension of the Lustration Law).

Majoros, Ferenc. 1993. Die Nachbarschaftsvertraege der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit Ungarn undder Tschechoslowakei. Köln: Bundesinstituts fuer ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien.

Oltay, Edith. 1994. “Hungary's screening law.” RFE/RL Research Report vol. 3, no. 15, pp. 13-15.

Pardavi, Marta. "National Security Services in Hungary," in In the Public Interest: Security Services in a Constitutional Democracy (Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights), http://www.gwu.edu/~hurights/chapter4/natsec/1_hungary.html.

Pataki, J. 1995. "Dealing with Hungarian Communists´ Crimes", in Kritz, Transitional Justice, vol. II, pp. 647-52.

Reinprecht, Christoph. 1996. Nostalgie und Amnesie: Bewertung von Vergangenheit in der Tschechischen Republik und in Ungarn. Wien: Verl. für Gesellschaftskritik.

"Report: Former Hungarian spy chief's aid trading in secrets," RFE/RL Newsline (5 December 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/12/051202.asp.

Scheppele, Kim Lane Gabor Halmai and Laszlo Majtenyi. 1995. "Confronting the Past: The Hungarian Constitutional Court's Lustration Decision of 1994," East European Human Rights Review vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 111-128.

Sonnevend, Pal. 1996. “Verjährung und völkerrechtliche Verbrechen in der Rechtsprechung des ungarischen Verfassungsgerichts.” Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 195-228.

Szabo, Mate. 1994. Ungarn auf dem Weg zur Demokratie.Modernisierung, politische Innovation und Systemwandel. Bonn: Europa Union Verl.

Tomiuc, Eugen. "Government proposes further opening of communist era files," RFE/RL (27 July 2002), http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2002/06/27062002172259.asp.

Volgyes, I. 1989. “Hungary: Dancing in the Shackles of the Past.” Current History.The Monthly Magazine of World Affairs,Nov: 381.

Wilke, Christiane, 2002. "Politics of Transitional Justice: German, Hungarian, and Czech Decisions on ex post facto Punishment", paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association meeting, August 29, 2002, Boston.

Zimmermann, Stefan. 1995. “Zum zweiten Verjaehrungsbeschluss des ungarischen Verfassungsgerichts.” Jahrbuch fuer Ostrecht vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 293-300.

Poland

"Amendments to lustration law ruled unconstitutional," RFE/RL Newsline (26 June 2002), http://www.rferl.org/ucs/2002/06/26-260602.html.

“Amendments Water Down Lustration.” RFE/RL Report vol. 4, no. 8 (26 February 2002). http://www.rferl.org/pbureport/2002/02/8-260202.html

Bertschi, Charles C. 1995. “Lustration and the Transition to Democracy. The Cases of Poland and Bulgaria.” East European Quarterly vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 435-51.

Borusewicz, Bogdan. 1992. "I Don't Believe the Files Were Falsified," Uncaptive Minds vol. 5, no. 2.

Calhoun, Noel. 2002. "The Ideological Dilemma of Lustration in Poland," East European Politics and Societies vol. 16, no. 2 (Spring), pp. 494-520.

"Communist Secret Files to Be Opened with Caution," RFE/RL Report (13 June 2000), http://www.rferl.org/pbureport/2000/06/22-130600.html.

"Constitutional Court lists curbs on lustration," RFE/RL Newsline (30 May 2003), http://www.rferl.org/mm/2003/05/21-300503.html.

"Controversy continues over Poland's EU campaign chief," RFE/RL Newsline (4 September 2002), http://www.rferl.org/ucs/2002/09/36-040902.html.

Dastych David M. “No „Zero Option” but a Shake Up. The Reform of the Polish Secret Services,“ http://www.fas.org/irp/world/poland/dastych.html

David, Roman. 2003. “Lustration Laws in Action: The Motives and the Evaluation of the Lustration Policy in the Czech Republic and Poland.” Law and Social Inquiry vol. 28, no 2 (Spring), pp. 387-?. Abstract at http://wwwserver.law.wits.ac.za/david/abstracts.htm.

David, Roman. “In Exchange for Truth: The Polish Lustration and the South African Amnesty Process.” Abstract at http://wwwserver.law.wits.ac.za/david/abstracts.htm

Feldman, Lily Gardner. 1999. “Germany's Reconciliation with France, Israel, Poland and the Czech Republic.” Die Friedens-Warte vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 477-90.

“First Questionable Lustration Statements to be Examined in Poland.” RFE/RL Newsline vol. 3, no. 101 (25 May 1999), http://www.naukanet.org/friends/news/omri/1999/05/ 990525II.html.

"Former Solidarity leader cleared of being a lustration liar," RFE/RL Newsline (8 October 2002), http://www.rferl.org/pbureport/2002/10/38-081002.html.

"Former Slidarity leader cleared of violating Polish lustration law," RFE/RL Newsline (3 October 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/10/3-cee/cee-031002.asp.

“Group of Polish Journalists Seeks Lustration for Colleagues.” http://www.ijnet.org/Archive/2000/1/14-6523.html

Jablonski, Andrzej W. and Meyer, Gerd, eds. 1996. The Political Culture of Poland in Transition. Wroclaw: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wroclawskiego.

“Journalists in Poland to be Subject to Lustration.” RFE/RL Newsline 7 (10 January 1997), http://www.friends-partners.ru/friends/news/omri/1997/01/ 970110II.html.

Kaminski, Mathew, 2000. "Poland's Communist Past Haunts a Former Activist," Wall Street Journal (6 September), p. A22.

Kosny, Witold. 1994. “Die Abrechnung mit der Abrechnung. Zur Neuauflage der Debatte um Stalinismus und Literatur in Polen seit 1980.” Osteuropa vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 219-31.

Lawaty, Andreas. 1996. Deutsche und Polen 1945-1995.Annaeherungen - Zblizenia.Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung im Haus der Geschichte der BundesrepublikDeutschland, Bonn, 7. Maerz bis 5. Mai 1996. Duesseldorf: Droste.

"Lustration Court says Walesa's aide was secret service agent," RFE/RL Newsline (3 July 2002), http://www.rferl.org/ucs/2002/07/27-030702.html.

“Lustration Law Amended.” Polish News (March 2002), http://www.polishnews.com/fulltext/straight/2002/hotnews71_1.shtml

“Lustration Law in Polish Sejm Commission.” RFE/RL Newsline no. 243 (18 December 1996), http://www.friends-partners.org/friends/news/omri/1996/12/ 961218II.html.

"Lustration Losses in Poland," New York Times (7 June 1992).

“Lustration to be Accelerated.” RFE/RL Report vol. 1, no. 3 (8 June 1999), http://www.rferl.org/pbureport/1999/06/03-080699.html

Michnik, Adam, and Havel, V. 1993. “Justice or Revenge?” Journal of Democracy vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 20-27.

Michnik, Adam. 1994. “Polen und Juden: Debatte ueber ein Kapitel des Warschauer Aufstands 1944 in der polnischen Publizistik.” Osteuropa vol. 44, no. 9, pp. A475-A489

Michnik, Adam. 1996. “Testament of Lies.” Index of Censorship vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 145-147.

“More fuss over Kwasniewski's Lustration.” RFE/RL Report vol. 2, no. 28 (8 August 2000), http://www.infoukes.com/rfe-ukraine/2000/0808.html

Murgio, David. 1997. "An Introduction to the Theoretical Problem of Post-communist Justice with Comparative Observations Focusing on Poland," http://www.ciaonet.org/conf/ece01/ece01mud.html.

"Jan Ordynski's conversation with professor Leon Kieres, the chairman of the Institute of National Remembrance. Honor means facing the truth," Rzeczpospolita (2 September 2002), http://polish-jewish-heritage.org/Eng/listopad_leon.html.

Oschlies, Wolf. 1996a. Tschechen, Polen, Deutsche 1990-1996. (I)Die Lage und die Stimmung. Köln: Bundesinstituts fuer ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien.

Oschlies, Wolf. 1996b. Tschechen, Polen, Deutsche 1990-1996. (II)Stereotype und Realitaeten. Köln: Bundesinstituts fuer ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien.

Paczkowski, A. "Communist Poland 1944-1989. Some Controversies and a Single Conclusion," http://www.sipa.columbia.edu/ece/pacz.pdf.

Palata, Lubos. 2000. “Split Decision.” Transition on Line (14 August), http://archive.tol.cz/jul99/specr08007.html

Pflueger, Friedbert and Lipscher, Winfried eds, eds. 1993. Feinde werden Freunde. Von den Schwierigkeiten der deutsch-polnischen Nachbarschaft. Bonn: Bouvier.

Podemski, Krzysztof, Mistewicz, Eryk, and Schlott, Wolfgang. 1995. “Um die weisse Weste der Staatsdiener in Polen.” Osteuropa vol. 45, no. 7, pp. A394-A398.

“Poland. Dirty Hands.” (6 September 1999), http://archive.tol.cz/itowa/sep99pol.html.

“"Poland's EU campaign chief admits spying for communist secret services," RFE/RL Newsline (30 August 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/08/3-cee/cee-300802.asp.

“Poland’s Former Premier Allegedly Checked for Secret Service Ties.” RFE/RL Report vol. 3, no. 174 (7 September 1999), http://www.naukanet.org/friends/news/omri/1999/09/ 990907II.html.

"Polish academician confesses communist-era spying," RFE/RL Newsline (16 May 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/05/3-cee/cee-160503.asp.

“Polish Deputy Minister Resigns Before Lustration Verdict.” RFE/RL Newsline vol. 3, no. 111 (8 June 1999) http://www.friends-partners.ru/friends/news/omri/1999/ 06/990608II.html.

“Polish Deputy Premier Resigns Over Lustration.” (5 September 1999) http://www.iyp.org/Archives/c-europe/9909/msg00015.html.

"Polish president cleared of secret police links," CNN (10 August 2000), http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/08/10/poland.president/.

“Polish President Moves to Amend Lustration Law.” RFE/RL Newsline vol. 5, no. 203 (25 October 2001), http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~polisci/carey/psc102b/articles/polandlustration.html.

“Polish Opposition Wants to Amend Lustration Law.” RFE/RL Newsline vol. 3, no. 79 (23 April 1999), http://www.friends-partners.org/friends/news/omri/1999/04/ 990423II.html.

"Polish parliamentary committee rejects move to sack EU campaign chief," RFE/RL Newsline (11 September 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/09/110902.asp.

"Presentation of Bernadetta Gronek - Director of the Office for Preservation and Dissemination of Archival Records in the Institute of National Remembrance - Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation during the meeting organized by the Hungarian Office of History - Torteneti Hiwatal on March 6th and 7th, 2002," http://www.ipn.gov.pl/index_eng.html.

"President signs amended lustration law," RFE/RL Newsline (23 October 2002), http://www.rferl.org/ucs/2002/10/43-231002.html.

Rogall, Joachim. 1992. “Polnische Vergangenheitsbewältigung.” Jahrbuch der schlesischen Friedrich Wilhelms Universität zu Breslau no. 32, pp. 288-296.

Rohozinska, Johanna. 2000. “Struggling with the Past. Poland’s Controversial Lustration Trials.” Central Europe Review vol. 2, no. 30 (11 September), http://www.ce-review.org/00/30/rohozinska30.html

Rohozinska, Johanna. 2001. "Open sesame–the advent of a lustration policy," Central Europe Review (12 February), http://www.ce-review.org/01/6/polandnews6.html.

"SLD parliamentary caucus head cleared of lustration lie," RFE/RL Newsline (31 July 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/07/3-cee/cee-310702.asp.

Smolar, Aleksander. 1994a. “Die Vergangenheitsbewaeltigung in Polen.” Europaeische Rundschau vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 91-108.

Smolar, Aleksander. 1994b. “The dissolution of solidarity.” Journal of Democracy vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 70-84.

Smolar, Aleksander. 1994c. “Strategies des changements post-communistes en Pologne.” Revue d'etudes comparatives est-ouest vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 163-81.

Snyder, Tim. "Poland's Hot Summer of De-communization," Transition on Line, http://archive.tol.cz/transitions/toppolan.html.

Stewart, Debra and Cynthia Stewart, 1995. "Lustration in Poland and the Former Czechoslovakia: A Study in Decommunization," International Journal of Public Administration vol. 18, no. 6 (June), pp. 879-915.

Stuby, G. 1990. “Völkerrechtliche Probleme zur Frage der Entschädigung polnischer Zwangsarbeiter unter dem NS-Regime.” Zeitschrift für Rechtspolitik vol. 23, no. 8, p. 314.

"The Time for Decommunization Has Past," The Warsaw Voice (28 June 1998), http://www.warsawvoice.pl/old/v505/Opi01.html.

Vinton, L. 1992, "Olszewki´s ouster: Poland´s political tribulations", RFE/RL Research Report (19 June).

Walicki, A. 1997. "Transitional justice and the political struggles of post-Communist Poland", in McAdams, Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies, pp.185-238.

Zimmermann, Hans Dieter. 1994. “Unterlassene Trauerarbeit. Zur Zurueckweisung der Dissidenten in Warschau, Prag und Berlin.” Die neue Gesellschaft/Frankfurter Hefte vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 33-43.

Romania

"Access to personal Securitate files," RFE/RL Newsline (29 March 2001), http://www.rferl.org/ucs/2001/04/14-040401.html.

Alexandrescu, Vlad, et. al. 2001. "Scrisoare deschisa in legatura cu declaratia prin care Gabriel Andreescu il acuza pe Andrei Plesu ca ar fi colaborator al Securitatii," Observator cultural (27 February - 5 March).

Andreescu, Gabriel. 2001. “Legea 187/1999 si primul an de activitate a CNSAS.” Drepturile Omului (l’Association pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme-le Comité Helsinki). no. 20, pp. 37-53. home.t-online.de/home/totok/cnsas.htm

Andreescu, Gabriel. 2001. "CNSAS si incultura institutionala," Observator Cultural (27 March - 2 April).

Antip, Felicia. 1999. "Ei cu rezistanta, noi cu Securitatea," Adevarul literar si artistic (19 October).

Barla, Graziela. 1999. Armata, Securitatea si Populatia: Revolutie sau Lovitura de Stat. Un Interviu cu Fostul Sef al Directiei de Informatii a Armatei (Marin Pancea) (Bucharest: Holding Reporter).

Borza, Ioana. “Decommunization in Romania: A Case Study of the State Security Files Access Law,” http://www.polito.ubbcluj.ro/EAST/East6/borza.htm.

“Briul parlamentar al Sri impotriva CNSAS.” Cotidianul (12 June 2002) http://www.cotidianul.ro/anterioare/2002/%20pag1/Cotidianul12062002.pdf

Buduca, Ioan. 1999. "Razboiul lui Culianu cu Securitatea," Cuvantul (Bucharest) (December).

Chiriac, Marian. “Romania: Secret Police Sins Cast a Long Shadow.” Diplomatic Observer (23 May 2002), www.diplomaticobserver.com/balkans/20020701_05.html.

"CNSAS members demand that chairman step down," RFE/RL Newsline (11 October 2002), http://www.rferl.org/ucs/2002/10/42-161002.html.

Cosma, Neagu. 1994. Cupola: Securitatea vazuta din interior - pagini de memorii. (Bucharest: Globus).

Cretu, Ion. 2001. "Dosarele Securitatii si opinia publica," Cuvantul (June), p. 12.

"Crisis in CNSAS intensifies," RFE/RL Newsline (29 October 2002), http://www.rferl.org/ucs/2002/10/44-301002.html.

"Crisis in CNSAS overcome," RFE/RL Newsline (23 May 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/05/4-see/see-230503.asp.

de Flers, Rene Al. 2001. "Despre Mihai Pelin si minciuna securista. citeva note," Jurnalul literar (Bucharest) part 1 (June-August), pp. 14-16, part 2 (September - October), p. 15.

"Former Romanian president says justice system is infiltrated by former Securitate," RFE/RL Newsline (30 May 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/05/300503.asp.

"Gabriel Andreescu contra Sinodului Bisericii Ortodoxe Romane," Observator cultural (12-18 September 2000).

Garbea, Horia. 2001. "Turnatorul si ceilalti," Luceafarul (Bucharest) (31 October).

Gillet, Olivier. 2001. "Memoria si uitarea - deschiderea arhivelor secrete," Romania literara (25 April - 1 May), trad. Petru Romosan.

Goma, Paul. 2001. "Despre Plesita," Jurnalul Literar (Bucharest) (June - August), pp. 1, 14.

"Greater Romania Party Chairman to Pay Moral Damages," RFE/RL Newsline (10 June 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/4-see.asp.

"Greater Romania Party wants to abolish access to Securitate files," RFE/RL Newsline (17 July 2001), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/07/170701.asp.

Hall, Richard. "The Securitate Roots of a Modern Romanian Fairy Tale: The Press, the Former Securitate and the Historiography of December 1989," East European Perspectives part 1, vol. 4, no. 7 (3 April 2003), part 2, vol. 4, no. 8 (17 April 2003), part 3, vol. 4, no. 9 (1 May 2003), http://www.rferl.org/eepreport/archives.html.

"Internal crisis in Romanian CNSAS gives Priboi breathing room," RFE/RL Newsline (9 December 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/12/091202.asp.

Ionescu, Dan. 1992. "Romania's Public War over Secret Police Files," RFE/RL Research Report (17 July), p. 9.

Ionescu, Dan. 1994. "UM 0215: A controversial intelligence service in Romania," RFE/RL Research Report (29 July), p. 27.

Kennel, Herma. 1998. Jogging cu Securitatea: Rezistenta Tinarului Radu Filipescu (Bucharest: Universal Dalsi), trad. Nora Iuga si Ana Blandiana.

"Large-scale protest planned in Bucharest against intention to disperse CNSAS college," RFE/RL Newspaper (10 March 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/03/100303.asp.

"Laszlo Tokes cleared of suspicion of collaboration with Securitate ... and former Securitate official appointed chairman of sensitive parliamentary commission," RFE/RL Newsline (9 February 2001), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/02/4-see/see-090201.html.

Lovatt, Catherine and David. “The Role of CNSAS.” Central Europe Review vol. 3, no. 11 (19 March 2001), http://www.ce-review.org/01/11/romanianews11.html

Malancioiu, Ileana. 2000. "De ce ii e frica lui H. R. Patapievici," Romania Literara (21-27 June).

Manolescu, Nicolae. 2001. "Profesorul si CNSAS," Romania literara (21-27 February).

Mihaes, Mircea. 2000. "Moartea vine pe banda de casetofon," Romania literara (27 September - 3 October).

Mihaes, Mircea. 2001. "Ordine, juraminte, pseudonime," Romania literara (4-10 April).

Mihaes, Mircea. 2001. "Spre NATO, cu securistii in frunte," Romania literara (23-29 March).

“Moartea CNSAS.” Cotidianul (6 March 2003). http://www.cotidianul.ro/anterioare/2003/%20pag1/Cotidianul06032003.pdf

Musat, Carmen. 2001. "Ispita reflectoarelor [despre conferinta de presa a lui Gabriel Andreescu in legatura cu activitatea Colegiului National pentru Studierea Arhivelor Securitatii," Observator cultural (27 February - 5 March).

"Nearly 300 Romanian journalists were Securitate informers," RFE/RL Newline (5 October 2001), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/10/051001.asp.

"No Romanian cabinet minister has served former secret police," RFE/RL Newsline (25 January 2001), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/250101.asp.

Oprea, Marius. 2002. Banalitatea raului; O istorie a Securitatii în documente 1949-1989. Iasi: Polirom.

Popescu, Cristian Tudor. 2001. "Securist si ziarist," Adevarul literar si artistic (12 June).

"Protestam, [protest al revistei Jurnalul literar adresat Consiliului de Studierea Arhivelor Securitatii impotriva modului de aplicare a Legii 187/1999]," Jurnalul literar (Bucharest) (June - August 2001).

"Protesters demand secret police files be opened," RFE/RL (11 March 2003), http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2003/03/11032003171748.asp.

“Raportul Predescu incurca si mai tare itele CNSAS.” Ziua (13 March 2003), http://www.hhrf.org/eckstein/press/z030313.htm

"Romania's Priboi Case Resurfaces," RFE/RL Newsline (6 December 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/12/061202.asp.

"Romania starts screening secret police informers," RFE/RL Newsline (16 June 2000), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2000/11/4-see/see-211100.html.

"Romanian commission fails to trace files of former political police members," RFE/RL Newsline (17 September 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/09/170902.asp.

"Romania has new foreign intelligence chief ... and problems with deputy in charge of supervising that service ... as controversy over Securitate files triggered by dubious ruling," RFE/RL Newsline (13 February 2001), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/02/130201.asp.

"Romanian Liberals withdraw support from archive chairman ... While dissident group calls on defense council to intervene," RFE/RL Newsline (30 October 2002), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/10/301002.asp.

"Romanian parliament approves regulations on Securitate College," RFE/RL Newsline (17 May 2000), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2000/05/4-see/see-170500.html.

"Romanian premier supports for Ticu Dumitrescu for CNSAS chairmanship," RFE/RL Newsline (19 March 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/03/190303.asp.

"Romanian parliamentary commission criticizes CNSAS report," RFE/RL Newsline, http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2002/12/051202.asp.

"Romanian parliamentary commissions recommend approval of CNSAS revocation," RFE/RL Newsline (26 March 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/03/260303.asp.

"Romanian parliamentary commission to recommend revocation of CNSAS," RFE/RL Newsline (5 March 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/03/050303.asp.

"Romanian president foresees long-term demilitarization of secret services," RFE/RL Newsline (15 May 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/05/150503.asp.

"Romanian proposal to revoke CNSAS college criticized," RFE/RL Newsline (6 March 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/03/060303.asp.

"Romanian ruling party beats cynicism record," RFE/RL Newsline (11 March 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/03/110303.asp.

"Romanian ruling party says it does not back revocation of CNSAS council," RFE/RL Newsline (16 April 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/04/160403.asp.

Rusu-Pasarin, Gabriela. 1993. Dizidenta sau Rezistanta prin Cultura: Dialoguri Incomode Realizate in Primavara Anului 1991 (Timisoara: Helicon).

Stan, Lavinia. 2002. “Moral Cleansing Romanian Style,” Problems of Post-Communism vol. 49, no. 4 (July/August), pp. 52-62.

Stan, Lavinia. 2002. “Access to Securitate Files: The Trials and Tribulations of a Romanian Law,” Eastern European Politics and Society vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 55-90.

Stanescu. Mircea. 2002. “Le Conseil National pour L’Etude des Archives de la Securitate et le Probleme de la Gestion de L’Heritage Communiste.” Asymetria (10 April). http://www.asymetria.org/cnsasmstanescu.html

Stanescu, Mircea. 1995. "Total Reeducation. The Pitesti Phenomenon," Review of Social Research no. 2, pp. 51-59.

Stefanescu, Manuela. "Security Services in Romania," In the Public Interest: Security Services in a Constitutional Democracy (Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights), http://www.gwu.edu/~hurights/chapter4/natsec/1_romania.html.

Teodorescu, Cristian. 2001. "Misterele Securitatii," Romania literara (4-10 April).

"Thousands demonstrate in Bucharest against intention to dismiss CNSAS college," RFE/RL Newsline (12 March 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/03/120303.asp.

"Ticu Dumitrescu outlines conditions for heading Romanian CNSAS college," RFE/RL Newsline (13 March 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/03/130303.asp.

Tomiuc, Eugen. 2001. "Romania: Citizens gain limited access to secret-police files," RFE/RL (30 March 2001), http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2001/03/30032001110905.asp.

Travers, Suzanne and Edward Kanterian. 2001. "Casting light on the long shadow of Romania's Securitate," Echinox vol. 1 http://lett.ubbcluj.ro/~echinox/caiete1/18.html.

Tudoran, Dorin. 2001. "Securitatea nu a existat . . .," Adevarul Literar si Artistic (6 March), pp. 1, 3.

Tirlea, Catalin. 2001. "Drumul desfundat al remuscarii [despre activitatea CNSAS]," Contemporanul - ideea europeana (8 March).

Tone, Nicolae. 2000. "Stafia Securitatii," Romania literara (1-7 November).

Ungureanu, Dumitru. 2001. "Bisecuritatea," Bibliotheca (Targoviste) vol. 2, no. 4 (April), six pages.

"Was Iliescu a Securitate collaborator?," RFE/RL Newsline (22 November 2000), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2000/11/221100.asp.

"Witness says PSD deputy tortured him as Securitate officer," RFE/RL Newsline (13 January 2003), http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2003/01/130103.asp.

Slovakia

Bren, Paulina, 1993. "Lustration in the Czech and Slovak republics," RFERL Research Report (16 July).

Cepl, Vojtech. 1994. "Ritual Sacrifices: Lustration in the CSFR," East European Constitutional Review vol. 1 (Spring), pp. 24-26.

"Former secret police chief arrested - again," RFE/RL (6 December 2002), http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2002/12/06122002184125.asp.

Pitkin, James. "Mr. Twilight: Slovakia's Schuster sees country on the mend, but calls his communist-era generation 'finished'," Prague Post (11 July), http://www.slovakia.org/news/0111-1.htm.

Stewart, Debra and Cynthia Stewart, 1995. "Lustration in Poland and the Former Czechoslovakia: A Study in Decommunization," International Journal of Public Administration vol. 18, no. 6 (June), pp. 879-915.

Toth, Peter. "What threatens Slovakia's security?," SME (17 April 2002), http://www.slovakia.org/news/0204-3.htm.